I already have the following sections. This is just to add one more section and combine previous ones.Your writing assignment this week is to complete the final section, Decision, and compile all of the elements from the previous weeks into a coherent paper analyzing an ethical dilemma in the workplace.Decision: Make a decision and state it clearly, including why it is best. Justify it and defend it against criticism. How will you carry it out? Who will object to the decision? What are the weaknesses of the decision? How will you defend the decision? Explain how you would solve the problem and whether your solution is ethical and legal. This section should be at least two pages.The paper must contain all of the sections from previous weeks and have these section headings.Introduction: Explain why you chose the topic, why it is important and timely, and why others should care about it too.Background of the Real Case: Focus in on the particular case. Show how this case is a good fit based on your topic choice.Ethical Dilemmas: Explain the ethical dilemmas raised by this particular case. What makes this case challenging?Application of Ethical Theory: Consider how the ethical dilemmas would be resolved by different schools of ethical thought.Application of the Law: What are the legal ramifications of this case? Are any laws being broken? Is there any pending legislation?Potential Solutions and Impacts: Analyze various ways of solving the problem based on the application of different ethical theories. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each possible solution?Decision: Assume the decision is yours alone to make. Make the final decision and defend it against potential objections.References: Sources must be cited and documented using APA style.The paper should include all of the areas above. It should be written in your own words and be well researched, well reasoned, and well documented. Your assignment will be graded on your demonstrated understanding and application of course material, your critical thinking and creative solutions, and your organization and grammar. Please refer to the Ethical Dilemma Project Overview in the Introduction and Resources Module for details. Please review the rubric and don’t forget to submit your assignment.
I already have the following sections. This is just to add one more section and combine previous ones. Your writing assignment this week is to complete the final section, Decision, and compile all o
12 Ethical Dilemma: Cyberloafing Ethical Dilemma: Cyberloafing The topic that I have chosen is cyberloafing. It involves employees using the internet at their place of work, during working hours, to conduct activities that are not related to their work. For example, cyberloafing could occur when employees perform shopping or use social media platforms during work time. I have chosen this topic because of the prevalence of instances of cyberloafing among employees. It is not uncommon to find employees placing their orders during online shopping or chatting with a friend during work time. Most of the employees are unaware of the thin line between rejuvenating and wasting time during work time. I thus sought to explore this topic to show the difference between rejuvenating and wasting precious company time. People should care about cyberloafing because of its prevalence in today’s world. According to Kalejaiye and Hammed (2021), a survey conducted by Vault.com indicated that “88% of employees surf non-work-related websites during working hours and 66% surf between 10 minutes and one hour”. This is a major concern for businesses because of the amount of time wasted. There are some researchers that claim that small amounts of cyberloafing are good for the employees although other researchers claim that cyberloafing is a bad habit, just like procrastination at the workplace. People should thus care about the topic of cyberloafing because it could be beneficial in helping the employees take quick breaks that allow their brains to re-calibrate between tasks which could help to alleviate work stress. However, it is also argued that cyberloafing is a waste of productive company time and could pose security risks to the business. The business challenge that is posed by cyberloafing is that cyberloafing allows the employees to flood the computing resources at work for their personal use. This could lead to clogging of the company’s bandwidth and potential degradation of the system performance. Other business challenges that are posed by cyberloafing include increased instances of security risks, reduced productivity among the employees, and increased risks of computer malware and viruses (Kalejaiye & Hammed, 2021). It is thus evident that cyberloafing causes numerous challenges to the business. The purpose of this paper will be to explain the benefits of cyberloafing in allowing the employee’ brains to re-calibrate between tasks which could help to alleviate work stress, while cyberloafing could pose challenges in clogging of the company’s bandwidth and causing potential degradation of the system performance, increasing security risks, reducing productivity among the employees, and increasing risks of computer malware and viruses. CYBERLOAFING CITATIONS According to Lim & Chen (2012), the authors sought to analyze the effects of cyberloafing on the productivity and performance of employees. Additionally, the authors examined differences that occur between men and women regarding cyberloafing issues. This research will be essential to understand why some people consider cyberloafing as acceptable while others do not. The authors summarized those men consider cyberloafing as more ethical to men. According to Lim & Chen (2012), “the findings suggest that browsing activities positively impact employees’ emotion while emailing activities have a negative impact. Results of our study provide useful insights for researchers and managers in understanding employees’ attitudes towards cyberloafing, and how cyberloafing can result in a gain or drain in employees’ work productivity.” The article by Liberman et al. (2011) begins by describing cyberloafing as using the internet by workers during working hours for their benefit. This article will be essential in my study since it examines different attitudes towards cyberloafing and workers’ attitudes towards it. The authors identified that the intrinsic involvement and attitude towards the job were negatively related to cyberloafing. Liberman et al. (2011) found that “results showed that attitudes towards cyberloafing and participation in non-Internet loafing behaviors were positively related to cyberloafing. Implications for both organizations and employees are discussed. According to Askew et al. (2014), various organizations have installed the internet to assist the workers in becoming more productive; however, most have been using the internet to escape their job roles. This article is related to my topic since it tests the relationship between the theory of planned behavior and the model of cyberloafing. Askew et al. (2014) found out that “Results unanimously support the main TPB model, the model accounting for 32% and 37% of the variance in cyberloafing in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. The discussion addresses both the theoretical impact and practical implications of our work.” When a choice must be made between two unethical alternatives, an ethical dilemma (also called an ethical paradox or a moral dilemma) develops. Regardless of the number of ethical and moral difficulties we face on a daily basis, the vast majority of them may be resolved in a matter of minutes (LaRossa, et.al 2018). Moral quandaries are difficult to resolve since there is no obvious ethically acceptable answer to the problem. Individuals have faced comparable issues throughout history, and philosophers have sought and failed to discover solutions on several occasions. Consequentialism Theory It is immoral to engage in an activity that does not deliver the anticipated results; alternatively, it is considered ethically acceptable. According to the consequentialist method, the ramifications of a decision are evaluated considering a predetermined goal. Based on how many underlying goals it employs, a teleological theory may be classified as either monolithic or pluralistic in nature. There is only one goal that can be judged against which all other purposes and actions may be evaluated when one adheres to a monotheistic worldview. According to pluralistic teleological theories, there are a variety of possible outcomes. In teleological theories, the nature of the goal that is pursued is more distinct (LaRossa, et.al 2018). Hedonism, for example, places a high importance on the sensation of pleasure or joy to achieving a goal. This set of action requirements may be traced all the way back to the beginning of time in antiquity. Deontological theory Duty-based or deontological ethics seeks to solve the difficulties associated with consequentialist ethical theories such as utilitarianism, as well as the difficulties associated with utilitarianism. According to deontology, everyone has some level of responsibility (LaRossa, et.al 2018). These commitments are non-negotiable, and they cannot be swapped or sold for any other consideration. Inherent rights, which cover a wide range of topics, provide support for these needs. Although it is true that deontologists (at least the bulk of them) do not consider the consequences of an action when determining its morality, this does not entail. The term “immoral conduct” refers to any action or inaction that violates an ethical obligation. To be morally correct, it is necessary to behave oneself in accordance with one’s moral duties. It is possible to include the consequences of specific conduct into a legal obligation. However, a deontologist would never go so far as to guarantee a better result (Lo, 2009). For a certain action to be considered morally correct or inappropriate, several prerequisites must be completed. The moral need to follow through on a promise is more important than the consequences of failing to do so. Aristotle’s virtue-based approach These include not just concrete characteristics such as age, height, and weight, but also intangible characteristics such as abilities, goals, and reasons. From a moral standpoint, the latter group of characteristics is especially important. These characteristics influence how a person acts in ethically challenging circumstances and may be measured in moral terms (Lo, 2009). It is conceivable, for example, to describe someone as trustworthy, just, or honest. These are ethically acceptable characteristics that are known as moral virtues. In my conclusion the greatest theory for addressing ethical challenges is consequentialism theory. One effective practice is to proclaim one’s opinion on different ethical issues clearly so that everyone in the company, especially those who are more vulnerable to unethical behavior, gets a clear message. Employees will be less likely to use unethical methods because of this. Decision Making Analysis Camps was already an employee of the company. Therefore, the company expected him to remain focused in productivity so that to perform better than the other competing companies. The following are some of the decisions that he would have made: To focus on what he has been allocated to do, ignoring the company’s illegal acts. To resign from the company without reporting the problem to the authorities. To blow the whistle anonymously and remain to work for the company. The first solution would be the most preferred for most employees, especially those who are enjoying full benefits while working for the organization. It will keep the company operational while the individual retains his job. However, there is a high chance that the problem will be discovered, which is like VW’s situation in 2010 when researchers found out the impact of the cars on the market in the U.S. The production line while fail which would lead to the company’s closure. Everyone would lose their jobs. The second option is to simply honor the company’s trust and resign but then keep the problem to oneself. The consequence would be continuous environmental pollution, affecting all people in society. The third solution would be to report the issue anonymously and hope that the company will not discover it. The impact is that the company would discover, and Camps would lose his job. However, the outcome would be the production of eco-friendly vehicles. Key stakeholders The environment is the main stakeholder, whereby through the production of poor-quality vehicles, the environment would be exposed to more harmful gases, resulting in other impacts such as global warming (Rao & Yan, 2020). The clients are also part of the stakeholders. The company sold many products since the clients trusted it. Producing substandard products means that the company is failing to live up to the clients’ expectations. The local community would also be affected since everyone within it pays the price once the environment starts to degrade. Ethical theory Utilitarianism states that the results received at the end justify the means used (Mulgan, 2019). This incorporates breaking the employer’s trust if the results will lead to a better society. Looking at the issue, remaining silent would mean that the employee would keep on earning and not care about any negative impacts of the problem (Hayry, 2021). Society would suffer from issues related to environmental pollution. Camp being a member of the society, he would also have to pay the prices of remaining silent. As technology advances, there is a high likelihood that the covered issue will be discovered. This means that legal actions would be taken against the company, leading to its closure. This leaves Camp jobless despite of his loyalty. On the other hand, if he reports the issue, the company might not discover the whistleblower, meaning that he would retain his job. He would also have saved society him included from the impact of environmental pollution. References Kalejaiye, P. O., & Hammed, S. T. (2021). Managing employees’ workplace cyberloafing in a public university’s information and communication technology center. KIU Interdisciplinary Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 354-373. Askew, K., Buckner, J. E., Taing, M. U., Ilie, A., Bauer, J. A., & Coovert, M. D. (2014). Explaining cyberloafing: The role of the theory of planned behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 510-519. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0747563214002155 Liberman, B., Seidman, G., McKenna, K. Y., & Buffardi, L. E. (2011). Employee job attitudes and organizational characteristics as predictors of cyberloafing. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(6), 2192-2199. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S074756321100121X Lim, V. K., & Chen, D. J. (2012). Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work? Behavior & Information Technology, 31(4), 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290903353054 Lo, B. (2009). Resolving ethical dilemmas: a guide for clinicians. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. LaRossa, R., & Bennett, L. A. (2018). Ethical dilemmas in qualitative family research. In The psychosocial interior of the family (pp. 139-156). Routledge. Häyry, M. (2021). Just better utilitarianism. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 30(2), 343-367. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003070962/utilitarianism-geoffrey-scarre Mulgan, T. (2019). Utilitarianism. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/elements/utilitarianism/E26CF2563F125BAF2AAE5049268505E0 Rao, C., & Yan, B. (2020). Study on the interactive influence between economic growth and environmental pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(31), 39442-39465. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-020-10017-6
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